Alexander Bain and the First Fax

Faxing is by definition a method of encoding data, transmitting it over a ​telephone line or radio broadcast, and receiving a hard copy of the text, line drawings, or photographs at a remote location. The technology for fax machines was invented a long time. However, fax machines did not become popular with consumers until the 1980s. Alexander Bain The first fax machine was invented by Scottish mechanic and inventor Alexander Bain. In 1843, Alexander Bain received a British patent for â€Å"improvements in producing and regulating electric currents and improvements in timepieces and in electric printing and signal telegraphs†, in laymens terms a fax machine. Several years earlier, Samuel Morse had invented the first successful telegraph machine and the fax machine closely evolved from the technology of the telegraph. The earlier telegraph machine sent Morse code (dots and dashes) over telegraph wires that was decoded into a text message at a remote location. More About Alexander Bain Bain was a  Scottish  philosopher and  educationalist  in the  British school of empiricism  and a prominent and innovative figure in the fields of  psychology,  linguistics,  logic,  moral philosophy  and  education reform. He founded  Mind, the first ever journal of psychology and analytical philosophy, and was the leading figure in  establishing  and applying the  scientific method  to  psychology. Bain was the inaugural  Regius Chair  in Logic and  Professor of Logic  at the  University of Aberdeen, where he also held Professorships in  Moral Philosophy  and  English Literature  and was twice elected  Lord Rector. How Did Alexander Bains Machine Work? Alexander Bains fax machine transmitter scanned a flat metal surface using a stylus mounted on a pendulum. The stylus picked up images from the metal surface. An amateur clockmaker, Alexander Bain combined parts from clock mechanisms together with telegraph machines to invent his fax machine. Fax Machine History Many inventors after Alexander Bain, worked hard on inventing and improving fax machine type devices. Here is a brief timeline: In 1850, a London inventor named F. C. Blakewell received a patent what he called a copying telegraph.In 1860, a fax machine called the Pantelegraph sent the first fax between Paris and Lyon. The Pantelegraph was invented ​by Giovanni Caselli.In 1895, Ernest Hummel a watchmaker from St. Paul, Minnesota invented his competing device called the Telediagraph.In 1902, Dr. Arthur Korn invented an improved and practical fax, the photoelectric system.In 1914, Edouard Belin established the concept of the remote fax for photo and news reporting.In 1924, the telephotography machine (a type of fax machine) was used to send political convention photos long distance for newspaper publication. It was developed by the American Telephone Telegraph Company (ATT) worked to improve telephone fax technology.By 1926, RCA invented the Radiophoto that faxed by using radio broadcasting technology.In 1947, Alexander Muirhead invented a successful fax machine.On March 4, 1955, the first radio fax tran smission was sent across the continent.

The Movie Departed Essay - 1326 Words

The Departed The movie I have chosen to do my project on is the movie â€Å" The Departed.† The characters play an important role in the movie showing various criminal acts that they chose to play out. In my essay I will talk about the crime that is being taken place in the movie, Merton theory on Anomie, Strain, and the Social, Cultural, Economic source of organized crime. I believe these theories define the characters personality in the movie. The movie â€Å" The Departed† is a movie about Two Boston State police Officers that both share different opinions about the law. The two are Undercover in the State Police, the one happens to be working with the Irish Mafia (Matt Damon) and the other happens to be a real undercover police officer†¦show more content†¦His Therapist was Madolyn (Vera Farmiga) it so happens to be that she has a connection with another police officer. She started a relationship with Collin Sullivan, and during her relationship with Mr. Sullivan; she had a brief interaction with Mr. Costigan. Mr. Sullivan isn’t totally out of the picture, as informant for Frank Costello and Boston State police officer. He was giving Frank Costello tips on when he was being watched, when he was being followed, and when the police were tapping into the mob organizations cell phones. Now in order for someone to give, you must received something in return. In return Mr. Costello was giving up people in his organization, and other illegal activities that were being taken place. It all seemed like Mr. Costello had everything planned out. The State police was put on his radar, since everything was going as planned he would be able to move his shipment of product. By the end Frank Costello organization was taken down, most of his associates were either dead or taken into custody. As For Mr. Costigan and Mr. Sullivan they both were still out for one another. Then, finally the two of them started talked to each other and everything that was going on the whole time started adding up, and it ended up ending in chaos. One of the theories I have chosen is Robert Merton’s â€Å" Anomie, Strain and Crime.† Merton believed that crime was rooted in the socialShow MoreRelatedMartin Scorseses The Departed Essays523 Words   |  3 Pages The Departed, a film written by William Monahan, Alan Mak, and Felix Chong, directed by Martin Scorsese, was in my opinion a spectacular crime-thriller deserving of less criticism from overly sentimental viewers. Though this film is in some scenes brutal and vicious, I praise Martin Scorsese’s refusal to cower away from the undeniable truth that organized crime in the United States is murderous in nature just to satisfy certain viewers as critics advocated he should. Being a four time Oscar winningRead MoreThe Departed And Infernal Affairs865 Words   |  4 Pagesfilms, it is safe to say that Infernal Affairs out-ranks the Departed by a substantial amount. The Departed is an American remake of the Chinese film Infernal Affairs. Both movies reveal the secret life of moles for a gang and the police force. Even though the Departed stays pretty close to the original screenplay, there are some differences that both add to each film and takes away from the plot. In all, besides th eir differences, the Departed and Infernal Affairs both create a thrilling story of theRead MoreHistorical Accuracy of Black Hawk Down687 Words   |  3 PagesAidid during the Battle of Mogadishu. It started on March 2001 and it was released January 18, 2002. During the real operation there was a dramatic change between it being a simple capture operation to it being a rescue mission that is shown in the movie. Black Hawk Down is historically accurate because the chronological sequence of the operation and rescue mission are correct. In early 1990 Somalia was going through a civil war. Their dictator Mohammed Farrah had order the closerRead MoreShutter Island Theory Essays1283 Words   |  6 Pagesmasterpiece, The Departed. The film was a huge success and swept the major awards at the Oscars that year, bring home such prizes as best picture and best director. The win cemented Scorsese as the greatest living filmmaker and he finally got the respect he deserves from the Academy. DiCaprio is one of the best actors of his generation. Titanic, The Aviator, and The Departed areall the evidence needed to securely place him in the upper pantheon of great actors. Expecting a quality movie from either ofRead MoreIn early 1990 Somalia was going through a civil war. Their dictator Mohammed Farrah had order the1500 Words   |  6 PagesTheir objective was the two top advisers of Mohammed that were to be untied at a meeting in the target building. Around 3:32pm, â€Å"a helicopter-borne team of U.S. Army special mission uni t members accompanied by Rangers, SEALs, and 24 STS personnel departed† the military base (Marion, pg. 36). The troops successfully capture the two main objectives, but were soon facing many problems when a black hawk was shot down in the middle of Mogadishu. Their mission had just taken a dramatic change into a rescueRead MoreAnalysis Of Goodfellas, Casino And The Departed1336 Words   |  6 Pages MARTIN SCORSESE A Comparative Analysis Goodfellas, Casino and The Departed Martin Charles Scorsese was born November 17, 1942. Suffering from asthma, he spent most of his time watching movies and by the time he was eight, he was already drawing his own storyboards that were directed/produced by himself. Although he considered going into priesthood, making movies was Scorsese’s true calling and he went on to make some of Hollywood’s most memorable films. Incorporating themes from hisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Goodfellas 1575 Words   |  7 PagesFamous director Martin Scorsese made history by directing two of the most prolific mob movies of all time, The Goodfellas (1990) and The Departed (2006). Both were nominated for Academy Awards; however, The Goodfellas lost the award, making The Departed Scorsese’s first Oscar winning movie. Although it lost the Academy Award, The Goodfellas was the most Oscar-worthy of the two movies based on it’s cinematic elements, like editing, camera movement, and effects, and its dram atic elements, such as actingRead MoreSummary Of All Souls By Michael Patrick Macdonald, And The Departed Essay1907 Words   |  8 PagesMichael Patrick MacDonald, and The Departed, directed by Martin Scorsese, display blatant rifts between different races and ethnicities. Racial differences and tensions between blacks and whites are highlighted and explored in All Souls, while the beginning of The Departed focuses mainly on the stories of two undercover cops on different sides with an emphasis on racial discrimination during this time. The organized crime leaders in both All Souls and The Departed seized and opportunity, and utilizedRead MoreCreative Writing About Shutter Island884 Words   |  4 Pagesfinish a Lynch film. I have the gall to call myself a film buff, and I haven’t many of these so-called masters. But this review isn’t about David Lynch, it’s about fast-talking film entrepreneur Martin Scorsese. And there’s been Taxi Driver, The Depar ted, Casino and now Shutter Island that I’ve seen. One thing I have been able to pick up from his movies, is that his subject matter tends to be either disconnected people from society or gangsters. Shutter Island is the former and I feel it’s a bitRead MoreEssay about Movie Review of The Fisher King576 Words   |  3 PagesMovie Review of The Fisher King Jack, a cynical Manhattan disc jockey plunges into a suicidal depression when one of his outrageous comments inspires a crazed listener to shoot seven people in a fashionable nightspot. Redemption comes in the form of a derelict, ex-history professor named Parry whose wife was one of those killed by the sniper. Parry heads a gang of loony homeless people in the search for what he believes to be the Holy Grail. Jack helps Parry in his

In This Case - the Holding Company of James Hardie Group Is KHIL

Question: Discuss And Critically Analyse The Court/Tribunal Decision And The Reason For The Decision In View Of The Corporations Act? Answer: Introduction The Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) is the applicable act in Australia, governing the duties of the directors. The case of Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Macdonald (No. 11) [2009] NSWSC 287 is one of such cases where the Supreme Court of New South Wales determining whether or not, the officers and directors of the company JHIL, i.e., James Hardie Industries Ltd had contravened the duties covered under this act, through its section 180(1). This section relates to the statutory requirement of duty of car and diligence, and this was raised in the context of the approval of board and released a defective media statement to the ASX, i.e., the Australian Securities Exchange (Hargovan, 2009). In the following parts, this case has been detailed, where by the contentions made by the ASIC, i.e., Australian Securities and Investments Commission, along with the decision of the court in this matter have been detailed. But before the same can be done, a discussion has been carried on the duties breached as per the governing act, along with the factual background of this case. ASIC v Macdonald (No 11) (2009) In this case, the holding company of the James Hardie Group was KHIL, which manufactured, as well as, sol the asbestos products till the year of 1937. Two of the wholly owned subsidiary companies of the JHIL, Jsekarb Pty Ltd, aka Jsekarb, and James Hardie Coy Pty Ltd, ala Coy, from 1937 to 1987 were also the manufacturer and seller of the asbestos products (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). In the initial period of February 2001, JHILs board formed a foundation by the name of Medical Research and Compensation Foundation. The purpose of this foundation was to manage and pay the claims relating to asbestos which were made against the James Hardie Group. Regarding the formation of the foundation, a draft announcement for the ASX was approved by Board and the same had to be circulated as public release (Lavan, 2017). At the same time, a deed of covenant and indemnity was entered into by JHIL with both Jsekarb and Coy, as a result of which, JHIL was indemnified from all of the liabilities which were raised due to the manufacturing or sale of the asbestos products (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). An ASX announcement was then released by the James Hardie Group, as per which the Foundation contained assets to the value of $293 million and that the same would have been adequate for meeting all of the legitimate compensation claims, which were anticipated from the individuals who were injured as a result of the asbestos products. When a press conference was held, it was stated that the CEO of JHIL, i.e., Macdonald had made a statement which showed the sufficiency of funds in the Foundation. And ASX announcements, having the same theme, were made in the following weeks regarding the Foundation. However, none of the ASX announcements contained a disclosure about the Deed (Norton Rose Fulbright, 2010). One the Foundation was established, a new holding company, JHINV was formed which was actually a restricting of the James Hardie Group and the same was incorporated in Netherlands. Macdonald made overseas presentations in 2002 regarding the James Hardie Group and represented the sufficiency of funds in the Foundation (Plessis, Hargovan and Bagaric, 2010). For their misleading and deceptive conduct, continuous disclosure reaches and the false statements made regarding the securities, in February 2007, the ASIC initiated civil proceedings against both JHNIV and JHIL (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). Duties Breached As per section 180(1) of the Corporations Act, 2001, the directors, along with the other officer in any company/ corporation in Australia have a civil obligation of exercising their powers, and discharging their obligations in a manner, which depicts a degree of both care and diligence, which any prudent individual would undertake, in case they occupied the same office and had the same responsibilities as such director and officer, or if the individual was himself the officer or director of such company (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). A contravention of this section results in attraction of penalties as per section 1317E, which relates to the declaration of contravention by the Court (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). This duty is usually applied with the provisions pertaining to the deceptive or misleading conduct of the directors, in cases where the directors have been sanctioned with the release of some important or crucial information which results in a civil claim being raised against the company for such a misleading or deceptive conduct. Hence, it is crucial for the directors to take care and ensure diligence when the information is released, and have to be certain that no information is contained which is likely to deceive or mislead (Gadens, 2010). Section 181 of this act imposes a civil obligation on the directors, along with the other officers of the company, to discharge their duties, and exercise their powers for a proper purpose, which is in the best interest of the faith and with good faith (Department of the Premier and Cabinet, 2016). The penalties for contravention of this section are same as section 181(1)s contravention (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). Court Decision When the court was giving its decision, it was held by His Honor Justice Gzell that: Regarding the draft announcements of ASX, all of the 7 previous non-executive directors, the CFO, the CEO and the General Counsel of the JHIL had all breached the section quoted above, i.e., 180(1) of the governing act, as all of them failed to make certain that this particular draft ASX announcement relating to the sufficiency of funds in the hands of Foundation for paying the compensation to the individuals was not deceptive or misleading (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). Regarding the Deed, the General Counsel and the CEO had contravened the quoted section of the governing act, as they failed in giving the advice to the Board in an appropriate manner, which could have led to the disclosure of the said Deed (Jacobson, 2009). Regarding the ASX Announcements which were approved, a breach of section 180(1) of this act was done by the CEO of the company by his failure in making certain that these announcements were not deceptive or misleading. In addition to the breach of section 180(1) of this act, there was an absence of breach of sections 995(2), as well as 999, of this act as the ASX Announcement was released, which was held to be both misleading and deceptive (Sixth Floor St James Hall Pty Limited, 2009). For the presentations which were made by the companys CEO, there was a breach on part of this CEO regarding the breach of section 180(1) of this act, due to the failure in making certain that these presentations could be taken as both misleading and deceptive. There was also a contravention on part of JHINV pertaining to sections 1041E, as well as, 1041H of this act by engaging in a conduct which is both misleading and deceptive regarding the presentations which were made to the Australian Securities Exchange (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). It was also held by His Honor Justice Gzell that on part of ASIC, there was a failure in establishing a range of different allegations which were made against the James Hardie Group, its executives and its non-executive directors. One of the allegations in these was related to a claim which was made against the CEO of the company, for breaching section 181 of this act, regarding his obligation pertaining to acting in good faith (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). A range of factors were considered by His Honor against the executives, directors containing both executive and non-executive, of the James Hardie Group in his findings, and these included the intelligence and sophistication of the directors, the experience, the importance of restructuring, the nature of the company, in addition to the fact that a considerable professional advice was given to the non-executive directors regarding the restricting (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). The submissions from all the parties where heard by the Court in late July 2000 regarding the exoneration of the defendants as per sections 1317S or 1318 of this act pertaining to these breaches, and also regarding the form of sanction or penalty, which should be imposed over the defendants (Austin, 2012). A contention was submitted by the ASIC to the Court, as per which: The disqualification of the CEO from managing any company for a period of twelve to sixteen years and the CEO should also receive a penalty in terms of fine, which had to range between the amounts of $1.47 million to $1.81 million. There should also be a disqualification of the General Counsel from the management of any company, for a minimum period of eight years, and that he should also receive a fine, which had to range between the amounts of $350,000 and $450,000. All of the non-executive directors were proposed to be banned from the management of any company for a period of five years and all of them should be given a fine ranging between $120,000 and $130,000 There should also be a disqualification of the CFO from the management of any company, for a minimum period of six years, and that he should also receive a fine, which had to range between the amounts of $150,000 to $250,000. And lastly, 90% of the costs of ASIC should be jointly and severally be paid by the defendants (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). Another submission was made by the ASIC to the Court regarding the consideration of the penalties which had to be imposed upon the case defendants and that the issue of indemnity should also be taken into consideration. Even though, the Corporation Act restricts any Australian company from indemnifying against such kind of civil penalty, a submission was made by ASIC that some of the defendants could be indemnified within the James Hardie group by the foreign companies (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). The defendants sought to be fully exonerated from the claims of ASIC as they contended that the banning orders and the fine sought out by the ASIC were excessive in nature, with the exception of the CEO as he had admitted the seriousness of these breaches (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). However, Justice Gzell, on August 20th 2009, refused to exonerate any of the former members of the board and he also handed down certain penalties, which were as follows: The General Counsel was disqualified for a period of seven years from the management of any company and was also liable to pay a fine amounting to $75,000 (Taylor, 2012). The CEO was disqualified for a period of fifteen years from the management of any company and was also liable to pay a fine amounting to $350,000. The CFO was disqualified for a period of five years from the management of any company and was also liable to pay a fine amounting to $35,000. All of the non-executive directors, individually, were disqualified for a period of five years from the management of any company and were also liable to pay a fine amounting to $30,000 individually. And lastly, the company, JHINV was liable to pay a fine amounting to $80,000 (Czoch and Mulder, 2010). ASIC considered this particular case as a leading decision in the corporate governance of the nation as it presents the crucial direction and guidance to the boardrooms regarding the practical applicability of the content and the scope of the duties of the executives, when they take any significant matter to the board and regarding the disclosure of these matter in the market. This was in addition to the direction and guidance pertaining to the responsibility of the non-executive directors of any public companies, when they are questioned regarding the consideration of strategic matters by the board, as well as, for the approval of disclosure in market regarding the decisions of the board (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2009). Conclusion Civil proceedings were initiated in this case by the ASIC against JHIL, JHINV, i.e., James Hardie Industries NV, along with the previous seven non-executive directors, and the three former executives of the JHIL, for breaching the governing act, regarding the preparation, as well as, approval of the public statements. The decisions taken in this case highlights the significance which is placed over the directors role, which includes both the executive and the non-executive directors, along with the senior executives of a company, when the crucial strategic matters of the company are considered and implemented. Keeping the corporate governance issue aside, the decision in this case raised the broadening focus put over the senior executives below the board level and the non-executive directors. References Austin, R. (2012) The High Court decides the James Hardie case. [Online] Minter Ellison. Available from: https://www.minterellison.com/files/Uploads/Documents/Publications/Alerts/NA_20120509_JamesHardieDecision.pdf [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2009) Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Macdonald (No 11) [2009] NSWSC 287 (23 April 2009). [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/nsw/NSWSC/2009/287.html [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Corporations Act 2001 - Sect 180. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s180.html [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Czoch, K., and Mulder, M. (2010) Australia: The James Hardie Decision: Australian Securities Investments Commission v Macdonald (No. 11) [2009] NSWSC 287. [Online] Mondaq. Available from: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/106690/Corporate+Governance/The+James+Hardie+Decision+Australian+Securities+Investments+Commission+v+Macdonald+No+11+2009+NSWSC+287 [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Department of the Premier and Cabinet. (2016) 7.3 Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (the Corporations Act). [Online] Queensland Government. Available from: https://www.premiers.qld.gov.au/publications/categories/policies-and-codes/handbooks/welcome-aboard/member-duties/corp-act-2001-c.aspx [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Federal Register of Legislation. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Federal Register of Legislation. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Gadens. (2010) Misleading and deceptive conduct in the corporate sphere. [Online] Gadens. Available from: https://www.gadens.com/publications/Pages/Misleading-and-deceptive-conduct-in-the-corporate-sphere.aspx [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Hargovan, A. (2009) Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Macdonald [No 11] Corporate Governance Lessons from James Hardie. Melbourne University Law Review, 33(3), pp. 984-1021. Jacobson, D. (2009) ASIC v James Hardie Decision: Company, Directors and Officers Were Misleading. [Online] Bright Law. Available from: https://www.brightlaw.com.au/asic-v-james-hardie-decision-company-directors-and-officers-were-misleading/ [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Lavan. (2017) The responsibility for continuous disclosure announcements in the light of James Hardie - Australian Securities and Investments Commission and Macdonald (No 11) [2009] NSWSC 287. [Online] Lavan. Available from: https://www.lavan.com.au/advice/banking_finance/the_responsibility_for_continuous_disclosure_announcements_in_the_light_of [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Norton Rose Fulbright. (2010) Insurance Financial Services Bulletin. [Online] Norton Rose Fulbright. Available from: https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/knowledge/publications/30007/insurance-financial-services-bulletin#section12 [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Plessis, J.J.D., Hargovan, A., and Bagaric, M. (2010) Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 59. Sixth Floor St James Hall Pty Limited. (2009) ASIC v Macdonald (No 11) [2009] NSWSC 287. [Online] Sixth Floor St James Hall Pty Limited. Available from: https://www.sixstjameshall.com.au/recent-cases/2016/7/14/australian-securities-and-investments-commission-v-macdonald-no-11-2009-nswsc-287 [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Taylor, T. (2012) James Hardie The final instalment NSW Court of Appeal disqualifies and penalises company officers. [Online] Holding Redlich. Available from: https://www.holdingredlich.com/corporate-commercial/james-hardie-the-final-instalment-nsw-court-of-appeal-disqualifies-and-penalises-company-officers [Accessed on: 26/04/17]

Views on Nike Brand

Table of Contents Introduction The Nike Corporation Brand Equity Brand Positioning Brand Identity Conclusion Reference List Introduction According to Wood (2000) the word â€Å"brand† refers to a sign, name, term, symbol or design or even a combination of them all with the intent of giving identity to the goods and/ or services of a single seller (or a group of sellers) and to give them uniqueness from their competitors. In reference to consumer- manufacture relations, a brand makes the source of promises given to the consumer by the manufacturer (Ahmad, Simmons and Clifton, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Views on Nike Brand specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, the same brand initiates the relationship between the manufacturer and the consumer in the first place. In addition, brand makes the perfect tool of name and symbols that are the unprecedented source of a company’s produ cts and/ or services. Furthermore, for a company to be successful and have a future, its initiator must be keeping a single concept within his mind; brand. Ultimately, brand can be best described as the sum total of a single customer’s experience with an organization. The Nike Corporation Guerrero (2008) describes the Nikes Corporation as the top- most suppliers of apparel and shoes. Such levels of success were attained by giving the corporation the most solid foundation; an appropriate brand. It is no doubt that the origin of the brand name â€Å"Nike† (from the Greek goddess of victory) has been a definition of Nike’s ambition to be a big success and take the sporting industry by a storm. There is always a brutal fact as far as branding is concerned; the business notion that exists in the mind of the initiator will either happen or stay in the mind, depending on the branding. Nike is a corporation that has absolutely used its branding to bring the business not ion in to reality. According to eHow (2010), Nike’s products include apparel, which are usually for sports and other activities like yoga and dance. Additionally, casual clothes for both men and women are also produced largely. Nevertheless, many people wear Nike’s clothes for purposes of association with the big brand name. Other products are equipments where mostly sports equipment such as balls, bats, and golf clubs are sold. Additionally, a number of accessories are also known to be from Nike’s products, for example watches, socks, bags and the like. Lastly, a number of stores are also known to be under Nike. There are many departments and online stores that are basically set up for purposes of selling Nike’s products. Niketown for example is the biggest store with many braches around the world. Additionally, there are many factory outlets that usually sell Nike’s products at a reduced price. Brand Equity Nike has over time gained the trust and loyalty of all its customers. This is essentially because the popularity and fame of high standard products and service delivery have added more strength to the Nike brand. Furthermore, Nike decided to peruse the production of apparel for an arena that is always kinetic and at the same time very dynamic; sports.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many sportsmen who would go for a Nike product would do it just for the purpose of getting sports attire or simply because their clubs bought the Nike sports products. Nevertheless, as a sportsman does well in the sports field, many fans are usually seen to want to associate themselves with the sportsman even in clothing. In this case, Nike goes ahead to gain the fame and popularity for the non- athletic crowd as well. Wood (2000) explains that a brand can be defined from either the perspective of the consumer or that of the manufactu rer. The Nike brand has seen a development in its image by thinking in the lines of the consumers and with a wide variety of products at hand. The consumer’s perceptions of Nike’s brands have totally been developed by Nike Corporation itself. Nike has made available a number of products to the customers so that the image that customers have on them develops positively over time. Additionally, by having their products diversified and internationally available their brand image has gained the better chance of being known and liked more than their competitors. Ultimately, brand associations are available in many different products for a consumer to choose from. This has been a major smart move by Nike. Nike has made steps to even produce accessories that are not necessarily sports oriented, such as watches and the like. In this case, even outside the attires of sporting, fans can still associate with their sports stars. As a result, Nike’s brand equity is developed to a high level, spread across a wide variety of customers, ranging from male to female, adults to children while at the same time keeping on customer loyalty. Such varied accessories give a variety of products for any customer to choose from whenever he would want to associate himself with the brand. Brand Positioning Nike brand has basically positioned itself within the international realm in a stronger and better way as compared to many of the competitors. The customer’s loyalty with Nike seems to have been worked on by the company so that even in the availability of other brands, more of Nike would be asked for. The smartest idea was the creation of a unique brand essence; â€Å"authentic athletic performance† so that any customer who would want to be associated with any good standards of athletics would be seen to be going for Nike. Additionally, the slogans â€Å"just do it† and â€Å"I can† have been recently translated from the previous slogan, t herefore identifying with more customers who would not easily engage in athletics; the brand essence is applicable to every customer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Views on Nike Brand specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, the Nike slogans give a very strong assurance to the customers, promising them of the best sporting apparel and the best accessories that can ever be. In this case, Nike’s brand promise has gained unprecedented followers, giving it a better position in the markets as compared to all its competitors. More so, Nike’s brand personality is definitely sporty and fashioned. All this descriptions can even be felt in their slogans. This brand personally is very much the way to go for today’s customer and therefore Nike has been a relevant brand to the current market. Brand Identity Nike’s brand identity can be looked at as simple but at the same time the most successfu l of all times. Nike’s brand identity can most appropriately be looked at from the brand logo. Nikes logo is represented by a simple tick. The tick gains approval from almost every customer. This is because, in the minds of the consumer, the tick represents the very best option, the answer to the most difficult challenge and the required go- ahead for anything. Therefore, Nike has gained major fame with all its customers due to giving itself a better image and definition as compared to all its competitors. Conclusion According to Marketing Teacher (2010) Nike has no factories but at the same time it is a global corporation. I definitely think, that a brand that has grown to the levels of international recognition and deal with such apparel and accessories should beyond any doubt consider venturing into setting up factories. This is due to the reason that factories ensure the delivery of products as specified by the company according to their most interactive observation of wh at the customers need. This will even ensure a better brand is made out of Nike. Reference List Ahmad, S., Simmons, J., Clifton., R. 2000. Brands and Branding. New York, Bloomag press.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More eHow. October, 2010. Nike product Information Web. Guerrero, K. 2008. Nike Case Study Web. Marketing Teacher. October, 2010. SWOT analysis Nike, Inc Web. Wood, L. 2009, September. Brands and equity: definition and management. UK: MCB University press. This essay on Views on Nike Brand was written and submitted by user Malaki J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.